Skip to content Skip to sidebar Skip to footer
Home / Will Heckler and Koch Making 94s Again?

Will Heckler and Koch Making 94s Again?

Post a Comment

Caseless armament assault burglarize prototype

Assault rifle

Heckler & Koch G11
HK G11 with bayonet.jpg

A G11 K2 (final version) with bayonet
Type Attack rifle
Calorie-free auto gun
Place of origin West Deutschland
Production history
Designer Heckler & Koch
Designed 1968–1990
Variants
  • Assault rifle
  • Light machine gun (LMG11)
Specifications
Mass
  • 3.65 kg (eight.0 lb) empty, iv.three kg (9.v lb) loaded with xc rounds (G11K3)
Length 750 mm (xxx in)
Barrel length 540 mm (21 in) (Not including chamber, 155 mm per twist)
Cartridge
  • four.73×33mm caseless ammunition (DM11): G11 K2, LMG11
  • 4.7mm, iv.3mm, four.9mm for other G11 prototypes
  • 4.92x34mm[i]
  • 4.73×25mm caseless: NBW
Action Gas-operated, rotary breech (for G11 serial)
Rate of fire
  • 460 rounds/min (total automobile) [2]
  • 2100 rounds/min (3-circular outburst) [2]
Muzzle velocity C. 930 thou/south (3,100 ft/s)
Effective firing range 400 m
Feed organisation 45- or l-round detachable box mag
Sights Integrated optical sight

The Heckler & Koch G11 is a not-production prototype attack rifle developed from the late 1960s–1980s past Gesellschaft für Hülsenlose Gewehrsysteme (GSHG) (German for "Association for Caseless Rifle Systems"), a conglomeration of companies headed by firearm manufacturer Heckler & Koch (mechanical engineering science and weapon design), Dynamit Nobel (propellant composition and projectile design), and Hensoldt Wetzlar (target identification and optic systems). The rifle is noted for its employ of caseless ammunition.

It was primarily a project of W Germany, though it was of significance to the other NATO countries every bit well. In detail, versions of the G11 were included in the U.South. Avant-garde Combat Burglarize plan.

In 1990, H&K finished the development of the G11, intended for the Bundeswehr and other NATO partners. Although the weapon was a technical success, information technology never entered full production due to the political changes of German reunification and lack of procurement contract.[3] Only 1000 units were ever produced, some of which made their fashion into the hands of the Bundeswehr. Ultimately, the German language armed forces replaced the G3 with the G36.[4]

History and development [edit]

Heckler & Koch ACR prototype

Development began around 1967 when NATO launched the idea of adopting a second standard small-caliber ammunition. Three competitors were then nominated: ane American, some other Belgian, and finally the German Heckler & Koch. NATO quickly lost involvement in caseless ammunition but the W German Government held on.[five] During 1968–1969, the government of what was then West Frg started a feasibility study into a future attack rifle and three contracts were awarded respectively to Diehl, IWKA Mauser and Heckler & Koch (based in Oberndorf). The terms of reference (specifications) were very full general, calling for an improved infantry weapon with a amend hit probability than any and so in existence, however fulfilling the FINABEL (named afterwards France, Italy, Netherlands, Allemagne, Belgium and Luxembourg) range and rate of fire characteristics. The designers were given a free manus for the methods used, but Heckler & Koch realized that the only style to obtain any significant improvement was to radically change the approach.[5] [six] [vii]

From the very beginning, it was obvious the required hit probability could not exist achieved with common fe sights, hence, it was given equal importance. But an optical sight could do it. The Hensoldt AG, having delivered 100,000 optical sights for the G3, cooperated with H&Thou on developing a small sight with low power magnification which would allow target conquering with both eyes. Even so, it was dropped because of the cost. Considering the weapon was to be short, only 37 cm would have been left for a sightline, too curt for a common iron sight, so that was out of the question. In mid 1968, Hensoldt presented an affordable reflector sight. Information technology was based on an quondam and nearly forgotten patent, and a modernized model had to be built by a chief from the associates section. On September 30, 1968, Hensoldt was commissioned for a report for further development.

Numerous studies followed in the period between 1970 and 1971. Intensive tests were run by Heckler & Koch and Dynamit Nobel in search of a suitable ammunition. The early side fashion ignition design gave style to a tail ignition design. Past 1970, studies progressed far plenty to allow the structure of an automatic single- and 3-shot burst model simply without full-automatic operation. Former in 1970, the box magazine was selected. To report the dispersion, a model firing nine×19mm and equipped with the reflexive sight was used. It had a cadence of 2400 rpm. The study supposedly was conducted past the Fraunhofer Society (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (based in Weil am Rhein). To determine the precision, a laser was used, fired onto a film during the iii-shot burst. The complimentary-floating barrel design was found to contribute significantly to the precision of the weapon. At the end of September/kickoff October 1971, the weapon was fully completed with full automatic burn down and chambered for four.9 mm and fed from the side.[7]

In January 1973, the defense ministries of Westward Germany and Great Britain agreed on exchanging information on development of infantry weaponry and ammunition. The agreement was designed to benefit both partners equally. Westward Germany was to work on caseless ammunition while Great United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland would work on optimizing a firearm for 4.85x45 mm ammunition.

Meanwhile, the German defence ministry targeted unveiling of the weapon to NATO in 1975 with a field test of the kickoff weapon to begin in 1976. In the summer of 1973, the ministry took on stock to see that none of the competitors could present a war-ready weapon. Diehl'southward design used dissever magazines for projectile and propellant.[8] Mauser offered a 3-barrel burglarize design.[viii] H&K's design with a rotating breech was considered promising. Together with the Federal Office of Defense force Technology and Procurement (FODTP)(Bundesamt für Wehrtechnik und Beschaffung),H&Thousand'southward rotating breech was selected for farther study and development.

In early Nov 1973, at a NATO workshop briefing in Brussels, West Frg was appointed to develop the 2nd generation (rifleman) burglarize. H&M's new weapon was to be presented in sufficient numbers to NATO in Apr 1977. NATO-broad testing began in 1977 with the goal of having a 2nd smaller caliber weapon alongside the 7.62×51mm NATO round burglarize. West Germany wanted to have it ready by then, merely the caliber was changed to 4.three mm, delaying prototype development by months.[7]

In mid 1974, several fully operational Epitome 1 G11s were presented to the Bundeswehr. On June xiv, 1974, the German defence ministry building charged the FODTP with initiating the development of the weapon. The proof of operation was held on December 18 and 19, 1974. The achieved firing rates were given as 1800 rpm for burst and 400 rpm for full-automatic. H&K was awarded the development contract (worth 20 million DM[8]) on December 23, 1974. The contract required the completion of development past autumn of 1977, including following field tests. After, H&K contracted Hensoldt with a standing development contract.[7] Around 1975, the design was disclosed as a High german small arm Laid-Open Patent application No. 23 26 525.0 and No. 24 thirteen 615.0.[7] [9]

In early on 1976, dubiety about the viability of the reflex sight rose. The contrast requirements in adverse condition and added features like variable brightness and distance settings drove cost upwardly, exceeding that of a proper telescopic of like size. On June 11, 1976, it was decided to switch to a scope. On June 15, 1976, the specification for a scope was finalized and the offset model presented on Baronial 5/six, 1976. In November 1977, the FODTP inverse the specification accordingly. At the end of the contract in the summer of 1978, it was found to satisfy the requirement.

Meanwhile, the caliber was changed to 4.75 mm with Prototype 3. Epitome iv and Prototype 5 equipped with the scope took part in the preliminary NATO field test in 1977 in Meppen. Later on the contract with the FODTP ended H&Thou, Dynamit Nobel and Hensoldt were forced to go on development on their own with their private funds.[seven] In 1978, Mauser competed with their ain weapon chambered for caliber 4.7 mm in a conventional case blueprint simply ultimately lost to the H&G G11.[5] The caseless round was not yet telescoped and appeared "conventional".[v] [viii]

On 28 October 1980, NATO canonical the standardization (STANAG 4172) of 5.56×45mm NATO as 2nd modest caliber cartridge for utilize within the brotherhood.[10]

Prototypes 13 (acme) and 14 (bottom) in the drove of the Wehrtechnische Studiensammlung Koblenz.

Upwards to 1982, changes were made following the test. The caliber changed to 4.7x21 mm for Image 6. The conventional nitro-cellulose propellant was replaced by High Ignition Temperatures Propellant (HITP) based on Octogen.[11] The barrel received polygonal rifling.[5] [7] The burglarize case received a pattern by a dedicated designer.[5] [eight] This Epitome thirteen became the attention of the numerous media and press.[eight] It's supposed to be the starting time version entering the Advanced Combat Rifle (ACR) program.

Meanwhile, evolution shifted yet again to the new caliber iv.73x33mm (DM11) in a telescoped form. In 1984, the Gesellschaft für hülsenlose Gewehrsysteme (GHGS), founded by H&Chiliad GmbH and Dynamit Nobel AG, completed a license understanding for a custom version (worth United states of america$iii.viii million)[12] with the U.S. Department of Defense force and for the adoption of caseless ammunition with the Bundeswehr and NATO.[13]

On December 8, 1986, Hensoldt was ready to deliver the terminal "Zieloptik ZO 1".

The G11 K1 (One thousand for Konfiguration) production model was completed in March 1987. Field exam and troop trials began in June with the Bundeswehr in Hammelburg and lasted until January 1989. It achieved a 100% higher Ph than the G3. The last development of the ammunition was completed toward the end of 1988 with the aforementioned dimensions as 4 years earlier. In March 1989, the starting time Operator´southward Manual was fabricated for the G11 K1 for the ACR evaluation. By then, work had already started on the G11 K2. On March 3, 1989, the offset v ACR units were shipped to the Aberdeen Proving Footing. In May, H&Chiliad began to instruct the testers on how to operate the weapon.[vii] [13]

In April 1990, the FODTP certified the G11 for utilise with the Bundeswehr. In May 1990, Tilo Möller, then H&K principal of R&D, presented the G11 to military dignitaries. At the same time, the Chiffonier of Germany (Bundesregierung) confirmed questions by the Bundestag most the signing of a contract in early 1990 for the adoption of the G11 and that it is office the budget (Haushalt 1990 EPL xiv). If it is adopted, the front line troops would receive information technology commencement. Adoption numbers would exist guided by yearly planned G3 replacement numbers up to the twelvemonth 2002.[14] The volume of a contract for the Bundeswehr alone was to embrace 300,000 units worth 2.7 billion DM.[13] The Bundesregierung confirmed that 30 million DM were reserved in the 1989 upkeep and some other planned for the 1990 upkeep.[fourteen]

In Apr 1990, the ACR plan concluded with the decision not to prefer whatsoever of the ACR rifles because none met the requirement of doubling hit probability.[fifteen] It was not until mid September 1990 that H&K institute out about the cancelation of the preproduction contract.

In November 1990, the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) was signed, which puts limits on the numbers of conventional military machine equipment in Europe and mandates the destruction of excess weaponry.

In Jan 1992, the Federal Inspect Part (Bundesrechnungshof) recommended not to procure the G11 only nevertheless and Defense Minister Gerhard Stoltenberg struck the G11 from the procurement listing.[sixteen] On April 1, 1990, the Warsaw Pact dissolved, leaving West Deutschland with a surplus of hundreds of thousands of Kalashnikovs. The development of the G11 from 1974 to 1989 had cost the tax payer 84.1 million DM, while leaving H&K with a debt of 180 meg DM. H&K was permitted past the Federal Office of Economics and Export Command (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle) to export the burglarize to 80 countries, and give licenses to 15 countries.[16] On March viii, 1992, the G11 (K2) was approved for total scale replacement production.

On July 17, 1992, the CFE treaty went into effect.

In June 1993, the state of affairs became clear when it was announced that the G11 could not be adopted due to "lack of possibility for NATO standardization".[13]

In 2004, the Lightweight Minor Arms Technologies (LSAT) program was initiated, which licensed the G11 caseless ammunition. In Phase 1 lasting until January 2005, the HITP formula was opposite engineered and evaluated.[17] In the 28-month-long Stage 2, the G11 caseless ammunition was replicated and customized to U.S. Ground forces preferences (college burn down charge per unit). In May 2007, the caseless ammunition was scaled and adjusted to the 5.56 mm projectile in a telescoped and round form. An alternative polymer cased version was created in parallel.[eighteen]

Design details [edit]

An early functioning prototype of the G11 mechanism.

A sectional of the final prototype.

This diagram illustrates the G11's unique feeding cycle.

The weapon uses 4.73×33mm caseless ammunition, with the propellant shaped into cuboid blocks. The ammunition has also been designated as four.92mm for the HK G11 ACR, a variant developed for US Armed forces trials, the The states convention of groove to groove measurements of the bore was employed, rather than country-state.[xix] [ self-published source ] The projectile is 4.93 mm in diameter with a instance length of 33 mm, the US case length measurement is 34 mm since for the ACR trials the chamber length, non the actual case length was used. The four.73 mm round is half the weight and forty% the size by volume of the 5.56×45mm NATO round. The round was designed to the same ballistics requirement as the 5.56×45mm NATO round as outlined in Evaluation Procedures for Future NATO Weapons Systems (Certificate xiv). Even so, the 4.73mm is much less likely to tumble when striking or penetrating a soft target, and thus not equally lethal. The upshot on soft targets is in accord with international conventions. Fifty-fifty at brusk range, the round does non fragment in the soft target medium.[twenty] This was confirmed in tests with gelatine.[14](Run across terminal ballistics)

The blueprint principle was to increase target hit probability by firing high rate multi-round bursts (salvos). Tests have been run using a paradigm shotgun test-bed chosen CAWS to see whether a unmarried-shot, multi-projectile arrangement could achieve the range and striking probability requirements. The results indicated that the apply of serially fired projectiles at a loftier rate of fire would achieve a tight shotgun-like pattern with rifle-like accuracy up to the required range.

The rifle was designed to have a dispersion such that a man-target running at a speed of 6 km/h at a distance of 250 m would be striking even if the lead angle error (2 mil) was off by 51 cm.[20]

The weapon itself has 3 firing modes: semi-auto, full-machine at 460 rounds per minute, and iii-round burst at over 2100 circadian rounds per minute, or approximately 36 rounds per 2nd. The loading and feed machinery is physically very complicated but exceptionally fast and reliable. Rounds are fed into the weapon from a magazine that lies in a higher place and parallel with the barrel. The rounds are oriented vertically (at ninety degrees to the bore) and are fed downwards into the rotary chamber so that they tin can exist rotated 90 degrees for firing. The firing bike process is roughly:

  1. As the cocking handle on the side is rotated clockwise by the weapon operator:
  2. A round is dropped into the revolving chamber vertically (a loading piston assists).
  3. The sleeping room rotates xc° so information technology is lined up with the barrel. This completes the chambering of the round and cocking of the firing pin.
  4. When the trigger is pulled, a firing pin ignites the primer, which then ignites a powder booster charge that pushes the bullet into the barrel. The solid block of propellant is broken upwards to increment the ignition surface expanse and ignites, accelerating the bullet out of the barrel.
  5. As the projectile is accelerating up the butt, recoil forces bulldoze the butt, magazine, sleeping accommodation and operating mechanism rearwards within the weapon, dissipating energy for single shot and fully automatic modes merely assuasive burst mode to deliver three projectiles downrange earlier buffering occurs.
  6. Gas tapped off from the barrel rotates the sleeping room and actuates the loading mechanism, then rotating the chamber back to the initial vertical position until it is lined up with the feed machinery and the process repeats.

A conventional attack burglarize has approximately eight steps in its wheel:

  1. Bombardment: commodities group pushes round from magazine into chamber.
  2. Lockup: bolt or commodities carrier locks with the butt extension or receiver.
  3. Firing: firing pin or striker impacts primer igniting the main propellant charge.
  4. Unlocking: either through gas, recoil or blow-back performance, the working parts unlock from the barrel extension or receiver.
  5. Extraction: spent case is extracted and withdrawn from the bedchamber.
  6. Ejection: the spent case is thrown clear of the weapon either via a commodities face ejector or from a fixed or semi-fixed ejector.
  7. Firing mechanism reset: as office of the rearward reciprocation of the working parts, the firing machinery is reset.
  8. Buffering: working parts finally strike the buffer and halt. Recoil spring(south) are fully compressed and begin to drive the working parts forward into battery.

Because the G11 uses caseless ammunition, at that place are no extraction and ejection steps. Even though the rotary chamber does not lock up in the true sense of the word, the fact that information technology has to rotate in and out of alignment with the barrel means that the G11 can be considered to take a lock/unlock stage. If a round fails to fire or the weapon is being used with training rounds, the rifle can be manually unloaded past twisting the cocking handle counterclockwise. This pushes the failed/preparation round out an emergency ejection port on the bottom of the rifle and loads the next round.

The recoil in the 3-circular burst is not felt by the weapon'southward user until after the third circular has left the chamber. This is achieved by having the barrel and feeding machinery "float" within the burglarize casing. When the rounds are fired, the barrel, magazine, sleeping room and operating machinery recoils back against recoil springs several inches. Only when it strikes the buffer at the back of the burglarize does the user feel the recoil. During the rearward travel of the internal mechanism the rifle loads and fires three rounds. When the barrel and mechanism reaches the rearmost betoken in its travel, the recoil springs push it forrard, dorsum into its normal forwards position. When firing in semi-motorcar and full-auto modes, the rifle loads and fires only one round per move of the internal mechanism. Fully automatic burn down is reduced to around 460 rounds per minute. The internal workings of the rifle were rather complex compared to those of some earlier designs, with the mechanism existence compared to the inside of a compact clock. The number of hours of maintenance required for the G11 compared to other designs is not clear, especially since the effect of the pulverization used in the caseless ammo remains unknown. Designers claimed that, because there was no ejection cycle, the internal mechanisms would accept little take a chance to get exposed to external dust, dirt and sand, which would supposedly reduce the need for cleaning.

At that place were reports that the loftier tolerances required to seal off the front and rear chamber openings prepare the expected life of the contacting parts to 6000 rounds before maintenance was required.

four.73×33mm
G11Cartridge.jpg

The four.73×33mm caseless ammunition used in the G11 rifle. The components are, from left to correct, the solid propellant, primer, the bullet, and a plastic cap that serves to keep the bullet centered in the propellant block.
Type Rifle
Identify of origin Frg
Production history
Designer Heckler & Koch
Specifications
Case type Caseless
Bullet diameter 4.seventy mm (0.185 in)
Base bore 7.76 mm (0.306 in)
Overall length 32.83 mm (1.293 in)
Rifling twist 155 mm (i in vi.1 in)
Maximum pressure 385.00 MPa (55,840 psi)
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Free energy
iii.33 yard (51 gr) FMJBT 925 m/s (3,030 ft/south) 1,416 J (1,044 ft⋅lbf)
Exam barrel length: 540 mm (21 in)

Armament melt-off and shape [edit]

Premature ignition of armament from oestrus in the chamber, known as cook-off, was a major trouble with early prototypes of the G11 where synthetically bound nitrocellulose, formed into blocks, was used. Normally, when a cartridge is fed into a bedchamber, its case insulates the propellant from igniting until its affect-sensitive primer is struck by a firing pin or striker. The case aids in insulating the propellant from the heat of the chamber and information technology takes time for the temperature to ascension sufficiently inside a chambered round to ignite the propellant. In addition, in a traditional rifle, extracting a hot case removes heat from the arrangement. As a result of doing away with traditional cases, the G11 was found to exist dangerous and had to exist withdrawn from the 1979 NATO trials. The loftier rate of fire and lack of cartridge cases made cooking off a significant problem; the rut buildup in the G11 chamber was immense because the chamber had no provision for cooling like a reciprocating bolt system, which allows hot air to leave the bedroom when the commodities is retracted and the sleeping accommodation is exposed to air. The vertically swiveling chamber also fabricated gas sealing at each cease at such high pressures impractical, as opposed to a cross-sectional round-inside-round bolt-to-bedchamber fit with proper gas sealing.

To solve this, Heckler and Koch formed a partnership with Dynamit Nobel, which redesigned the cartridge to use a new loftier ignition temperature propellant (HITP). The cook-off problem was reduced by using a denatured HMX propellant with a special folder and blanket for the armament that increased the spontaneous ignition temperature by another 100 °C above that of standard, nitrocellulose (180 °C) propellant.[11]

A notable feature of the new round was its unconventional shape. Most cartridge casings are cylindrical, simply the redesigned cartridge was molded into a squared, box-similar shape. This allowed the 50-cartridge magazine to comport more propellant in a smaller infinite; the wasted space between rounds with cylindrical casings was substantially reduced.

The consequence of heat removal from caseless-firing weapons equally well as methods of igniting them continue to be researched by other companies. An alternative route was taken by the Austrian company Voere, whose Voere VEC-91 uses a caseless, electrically-fired circular developed past Austrian inventor Hubert Usel. This technique makes information technology possible to greatly increase the ignition temperature without hampering the ability to fire it. This would increase the maximum rate and duration a gun could fire before cooking off rounds, but the VEC-91 never took advantage of this, since it was a bolt-action rifle.

The four.73×33mm projectile was required to defeat NATO and Warsaw Pact armor at 300–400 g (Document 14) just was advertised to come across the requirement at 600 thou.[20] This fact was neither confirmed nor denied past the Westward German authorities, citing inability to disclose such information.[fourteen]

In line with some other NATO requirement for a personal defence force weapon (PDW), a handgun concept, Nahbereichswaffe (NBW),was created. It was to utilize a shortened 4.73×25 mm cartridge and see the same requirements now fulfilled by the HK 4.vi×30mm: Armor piercing of NATO CRISAT Technology Area 1 (TA1) out to 300 one thousand; Level 2 out to 25 1000; lethal suppression fire confronting unarmored targets out to 450 chiliad.[vii] [21]

Cartridge Cartridge weight Projectile weight Weight of loaded mag example ammo. load Force per unit area Velocity Energy Recoil Energy Factor (Impulse²)
4.73×33 mm 5.2 g three.25 g 45 rd mag @0.25 kg
15 rd reload @0.11 kg 		two mags + 28 reloading units
3.58 kg total for 510 rds 		3850 bar 930 m/south 1470 J/ft lb[22] 28[22]
4.73×25 mm four g two.75 g 20–40 rd mag 2750 bar 585 m/s 280+ J
@range

Future development [edit]

Past 2004, the engineering developed for the G11 was licensed for the Lightweight Small Artillery Technologies project,[15] the electric current projection of which is a lite car gun prototype for the U.s. Army. The design is intended to use either a cased cartridge using a composite example or a caseless ammunition design developed from the G11. Both ammunition designs are telescoped ammunition like that used by the G11; however, the current armament pattern has a plastic case instead of the fully caseless G11 ammunition. The design, like the G11, uses a rotating chamber, but rotating about the longitudinal centrality of the weapon.

See as well [edit]

  • AAI ACR
  • AN-94
  • Armtech C30R
  • Benelli CB M2
  • Gerasimenko VAG-73  [ru]
  • List of attack rifles
  • List of bullpup firearms
  • List of machine guns
  • Metal Storm
  • Steyr ACR
  • Voere VEC-91

References [edit]

  1. ^ "TAB Special Episode: G11 Disassembly & How It Works". YouTube. Archived from the original on 28 Nov 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  2. ^ a b SoldierTech: The Gun That Never Was
  3. ^ "Company History". Heckler & Koch. Archived from the original on 2008-08-27. Retrieved 2010-01-05 .
  4. ^ Woźniak, Ryszard. Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej - tom 2 G-Ł. Bellona. 2001. pp. 17–21.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Le Fusil d'Assaut Allemand G-11 a Munitions sans Étui Archived 2014-05-08 at the Wayback Machine Yves-Louis Cadiou, Gazette des Armes due north°106, pp. 12–fifteen, June 1982
  6. ^ Jane's Infantry Weapons, Jane's Information Group, 2002
  7. ^ a b c d e f yard h i Dice G11 Story. Die Entwicklungsgeschichte einer High-Tech-Waffe, Wolfgang Seel, Journal Verlag Schwend GmbH, 1993, ASIN: B0027WQJAE
  8. ^ a b c d e f Gedämpftes Pressen Archived 2014-05-12 at the Wayback Automobile Der Spiegel 19/1982, 1982 Nr. 19, pp. 223–227, May ten, 1982
  9. ^ Automatic or semi-automated modest arm Archived 2018-11-06 at the Wayback Machine patent US4078327, March 14, 1978
  10. ^ Smith, W.H.B.; Ezell, E. C. (1983), Small Artillery of the Earth, 12th Edition, Stackpole Company, Harrisburg PA
  11. ^ a b Caseless ammunition, especially for attack rifles, machine guns and sniper rifles of the aforementioned calibre Archived 2014-06-14 at the Wayback Machine Siegfried Trost, Patent publication DE3834925 A1, April xix, 1990
  12. ^ Pulver im Turm Archived 2014-05-12 at the Wayback Machine Der Spiegel 31/1987, 1987 Nr. 31, pp. 151–152, July 27, 1987
  13. ^ a b c d Versteck dich, wenn sie schießen: Dice wahre Geschichte von Samiira, Hayrettin und einem deutschen Gewehr Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Motorcar Jürgen Grässlin, Droemersche Verlagsanstalt, p. 399, 2003, ISBN 3-426-27266-0
  14. ^ a b c d Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten Frau Vennegerts und der Fraktion Die GRÜNEN: Entwicklung und Einsatz neuartiger Gewehrsysteme und hülsenloser Munition(Yard eleven) Archived 2014-05-12 at the Wayback Machine Deutscher Bundestag, Drucksache 11/7055, May 3, 1990
  15. ^ a b "Caseless Ammunition (Lightweight Small Arms Engineering – LSAT) Euro Insensitive Munitions & Energetic Materials Symposium" (PDF). 24–28 March 2006. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-eleven .
  16. ^ a b Weg is weg Archived 2014-05-12 at the Wayback Machine Der Spiegel 3/1992, 1992 Nr. 3, pp. 68–seventy, January 14, 1992
  17. ^ LIGHTWEIGHT Pocket-size Arms TECHNOLOGIES Archived 2014-05-25 at the Wayback Machine AAI Corporation, May xi, 2006
  18. ^ Lightweight Small Artillery Technologies Archived 2017-01-x at the Wayback Machine Kori Spiegel, Usa Regular army ARDEC, May, 2008
  19. ^ HK G11 Archived 2009-07-27 at the Wayback Auto
  20. ^ a b c Weapon Armament Organisation: G11 rifle with caseless armament [ permanent dead link ] G11 brochure, Heckler & Koch Dynamit Nobel, 1990
  21. ^ [https://spider web.archive.org/web/20150128132434/http://www.dwj.de/magazin/topthema/details/items/385.html Archived 2015-01-28 at the Wayback Machine "Heckler & Koch MP7 und das Kaliber 4,6 mm x 30 "] Deutsches Waffen Journal, Baronial 1, 2010
  22. ^ a b Popenker, Maxim, and Anthony G. Williams. Assault burglarize. Ramsbury (Marlborough): Crowood Press, 2005. Print.

Further reading [edit]

  • Weapon Ammunition System: G11 rifle with caseless ammunition, Heckler & Koch Dynamit Nobel, 1981
  • Operator'due south Manual: Rifle, 4.92 mm ACR, Heckler & Koch, March 1989
  • Weapon Ammunition System: G11 rifle with caseless ammunition, Heckler & Koch Dynamit Nobel, 1990
  • Wolfgang Seel, Die G11 Story. Dice Entwicklungsgeschichte einer High-Tech-Waffe, Journal Verlag Schwend GmbH, 1993, ASIN: B0027WQJAE
  • Jürgen Grässlin, Versteck dich, wenn sie schießen: Dice wahre Geschichte von Samiira, Hayrettin und einem deutschen Gewehr, Droemersche Verlagsanstalt, 2003, ISBN iii-426-27266-0
  • Terry Gander, Jane's Infantry Weapons 1996–1997, 1996, ISBN 978-0710613547

External links [edit]

  • HKPRO
  • Supervisiere für eine Superwaffe: Die Visierentwicklung für das Gewehr Chiliad 11
  • SoldierTech
  • Mod Firearms
  • U.S. Ground forces Lightweight Pocket-sized Arms Technologies
  • Video of operation on YouTube
  • Industrie Werke Karlsruhe G11
  • IWK G11
  • Video of field strip, operation, maintenance, detailed parts explanation on YouTube

daviscoarestligh.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heckler_&_Koch_G11

Post a Comment for "Will Heckler and Koch Making 94s Again?"